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Law addresses gaps in facilities, teachers, connectivity, and access affecting 1.6 million learners.

About 9,000 public schools in underserved areas long affected by poor facilities, teacher shortages, and difficult access now have a law aimed at addressing their needs.

Republic Act No. 12321, or the Last Mile and Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas Schools Act, was signed into law on July 22—institutionalizing support for public basic education schools serving around 1.6 million learners in some of the country’s most underserved communities.

Many of these schools operate without reliable electricity, internet access, or adequate classrooms. Others rely on multigrade teaching, where a single teacher handles several grade levels at once due to a shortage of educators.

According to EDCOM 2, nearly half of all last-mile schools are in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, while many others are in Indigenous communities, conflict-affected areas, and geographically isolated villages.

“Malaki ang maitutulong ng batas upang mabawasan ang mga sitwasyong kailangang lumusong sa ilog, maglakad ng ilang kilometro sa gitna ng init, o tumawid sa mga sirang tulay ang ating mga estudyante bago makarating sa paaralan,” Sen. Bam Aquino, the law’s principal sponsor and co-author, said in a July 25 Facebook post.


The measure requires learners to have access to a public school within three kilometers of their homes whenever feasible. Where geography or security makes this impossible, local governments are expected to provide transportation or alternative modes of learning.

Qualified educators who already live in, or are willing to relocate to, disadvantaged areas will also be prioritized for hiring.

Still, the new law may face challenges in addressing decades of unequal access to education. EDCOM 2 found that only 0.13% of Grade 12 learners in last-mile, Indigenous Peoples, Madrasah, and hardship-post schools reached proficiency in the National Achievement Test for School Year 2023–2024.

The figure underscores how unequal access to teachers, facilities, and learning resources continues to leave students in remote communities behind despite having the same curriculum as everyone else.

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